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Citation

Buchanan S & McMenemy D (2026) The Role of the Public Library in Combating Misinformation and Disinformation: a Review and Action Plan. [Public report for Arts Council England project INVF-00786891]. Arts Council England.

Abstract
Addressing the insidious and disruptive impact of mis/disinformation is an urgent societal challenge, but one not easily addressed due to complexity. There are issues of access and disposition to consider, the former concerning issues of technology and literacy (people’s ability to access and evaluate information), the latter concerning issues of attitude and inclination (people’s predispositions, beliefs and motivations influencing their information behaviours). Without attention to both, any steps to address mis/disinformation are at risk of being too reductionist and of limited effect. Public libraries, as trusted community-based civic institutions supporting an informed society, are well positioned to play a key role in addressing mis/disinformation, but prior to this study we lacked insights into library responses and practices. This national study, the first of its kind in the UK, surveyed 372 public library staff in England to explore how staff understand, experience, and respond to mis/disinformation in their communities, and what support they need to fulfil their civic role. There are ten main findings: 1.Most of our participants are educated and experienced library staff, but most have not received any mis/disinformation specific training. 2.Most of our participants work in libraries that do not provide any mis/disinformation guidelines and/or educational materials and resources for their users/members. 3.Most of our participants are either not sure or confirmed that their library has no partnerships or collaborations with other organisations to address mis/disinformation. 4.Most of our participants are never or are rarely involved in specific practices to address mis/disinformation. 5.Most of our participants are faced with a broad range of challenges and concerns that limit their ability to effectively address mis/disinformation. 6.Most of our participants do not feel that they are successfully addressing mis/disinformation in their communities. 7.Some of our participants may have limited depth of understanding of the factors contributing to mis/disinformation. 8.Our participants have divergent views on remaining neutral when addressing mis/disinformation. 9.Most of our participants believe that libraries should have an active role in addressing mis/disinformation. 10.Most of our participants believe that their library is not doing all that it could do to address mis/disinformation. Our findings highlight that public libraries in England are staffed by an educated and motivated workforce well-positioned to address mis/disinformation, but that most staff are equipped with little more than intent due to various infrastructure limitations. Four main recommendations are made, to establish: 1.A national programme of library staff education and training to address mis/disinformation. 2.A national open access repository of library resources for addressing mis/disinformation. 3.A national partnership agreement for addressing mis/disinformation. 4.National library policy and operational guidance for addressing mis/disinformation. The challenge of mis/disinformation is urgent and, in many respects, unaddressed at a national level. Public libraries are well placed to play a central role in addressing, but support is needed to reposition libraries on the frontline of national responses to the mis/disinformation challenge.

• The Role of the Public Library in Combating Misinformation and Disinformation: a Review and Action Plan